Selected publications

Ouvrages publiés en collaboration

A paraître

Les travailleurs âgés. Sociologie d'une catégorie des politiques de l'emploi

2020

The Reciprocal Relationship between Unemployment and Social Isolation: A Longitudinal Approach Using the Japanese Life Course Panel Survey

Ouvrages édités à titre de seul éditeur ou en collaboration

2019

Bayenet B., Fontaine M., Léonard D., Piraux A. (Editeurs), La Réforme des pensions, pour quels enjeux sociétaux ?, Larcier

Parties d'ouvrages collectifs

2016

Le cumul emploi-retraite en France et en Belgique.

Les femmes et le "vieillissement actif". Entre lisibilité et traçabilité, quels enjeux pour l'emploi et le travail ?

2014

La médiation au coeur des dispositifs de l'Etat-social.

http://www.acofis.org/images/publications_et_communications/Boucher/wels%20jacques_etat%20social.pdf

2012

La Transition entre l'enseignement secondaire et supérieur

Articles dans des revues avec comité de lecture

2025

Key considerations in understanding retirement's health impact

2024

COVID-19 risk by work-related factors: pooled analysis of individual linked data from 14 cohorts

Background SARS-CoV-2 infection rates vary by occupation, but the association with work-related characteristics (such as home working, keyworker or furlough) are not fully understood and may depend on ascertainment approach. We assessed infection risks across work-related characteristics and compared findings using different ascertainment approaches. Methods Participants of 14 UK-based longitudinal cohort studies completed surveys before and during the COVID-19 pandemic about their health, work and behaviour. These data were linked to the National Health Service digital health records, including COVID-19 diagnostic testing, within the UK Longitudinal Linkage Collaboration (UK LLC) research environment. Poisson regression modelled self-reported infection and diagnostic test confirmed infection within each cohort for work-related characteristics. Relative Risk (RR) were then combined using random effects meta-analysis. Results Between March 2020 and March 2021, 74 757 individuals completed 167 302 surveys. Overall, 15 174 survey responses self-reported an infection, whereas 3053 had a linked positive test. Self-reported infection risk was greater in keyworkers versus not (RR=1.24 (95% CI 1.17, 1.31), among non-home working (1.08 (0.98, 1.19)) or some home working (1.06 (0.97, 1.17)) versus all home working. Part-time workers versus full time (0.94 (0.89, 0.99)) and furlough versus not (0.93 (0.88, 0.99)) had reduced risk. Results for the linked positive test outcome were comparable in direction but greater in magnitude, for example, a 1.85 (1.56, 2.20) in keyworkers. Conclusion The UK LLC provides new opportunities for researchers to investigate risk factors, including occupational factors, for ill-health events in multiple largescale UK cohorts. Risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 illness appeared to be associated with work-related characteristics. Associations using linked diagnostic test data appeared stronger than self-reported infection status.

Social dialogue quality and workers' health as perceived by Belgian trade union representatives during the COVID-19 pandemic

Union representatives were surveyed throughout Belgium between August and December 2021 through an online questionnaire ( N = 469) to assess the relationship between trade union representatives' perception of social dialogue quality and change in workers' physical and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. We use a modified Poisson regression for binary outcomes controlling for company characteristics, pre-pandemic self-reported health and pandemic-related measures. A total of 30.1% of the sample reported the social dialogue quality has deteriorated during the pandemic. Relative risks (RRs) of poor physical and mental health when social dialogue has worsened are 1.49 (95%CI (95% confidence interval) = 1.03; 2.15) and 1.38 (95%CI = 1.09; 1.74). Controlling for pandemic-related measures slightly reduces the risk of both poor mental (RR = 1.25; 95%CI = 0.84; 1.87) and physical health (RR = 1.18; 95%CI = 0.94; 1.49). Although based on self-reported variables, the study shows an association between poor social dialogue quality and health and underlines the need to look at company-level collective negotiation.

Long COVID and financial outcomes: evidence from four longitudinal population surveys

Background Long-term sequelae of COVID-19 (long COVID) include muscle weakness, fatigue, breathing difficulties and sleep disturbance over weeks or months. Using UK longitudinal data, we assessed the relationship between long COVID and financial disruption. Methods We estimated associations between long COVID (derived using self-reported length of COVID-19 symptoms) and measures of financial disruption (subjective financial well-being, new benefit claims, changes in household income) by analysing data from four longitudinal population studies, gathered during the first year of the pandemic. We employed modified Poisson regression in a pooled analysis of the four cohorts adjusting for a range of potential confounders, including pre-pandemic (pre-long COVID) factors. Results Among the 20 112 observations across four population surveys, 13% reported having COVID-19 with symptoms that impeded their ability to function normally—10.7% had such symptoms for <4 weeks (acute COVID-19), 1.2% had such symptoms for 4-12 weeks (ongoing symptomatic COVID-19) and 0.6% had such symptoms for >12 weeks (post-COVID-19 syndrome). We found that post-COVID-19 syndrome was associated with worse subjective financial well-being (adjusted relative risk ratios (aRRRs)=1.57, 95% CI=1.25, 1.96) and new benefit claims (aRRR=1.79, CI=1.27, 2.53). Associations were broadly similar across sexes and education levels. These results were not meaningfully altered when scaled to represent the population by age. Conclusions Long COVID was associated with financial disruption in the UK. If our findings reflect causal effects, extending employment protection and financial support to people with long COVID may be warranted.

Trade unions as public health actors

2023

Examining the inter-relationships between social isolation and loneliness and their correlates among older British adults before and during the COVID-19 lockdown: Evidence from four British longitudinal studies

Abstract Background and Objectives Unprecedented social restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic have provided a new lens for considering the inter-relationship between social isolation and loneliness in later life. We present these inter-relationships before and during the COVID-19 restrictions and investigate to what extent demographic, socio-economic, and health factors associated with such experiences differed during the pandemic. Research Design and Method We used data from four British longitudinal population-based studies (1946 NSHD, 1958 NCDS, 1970 BCS, and ELSA, N=12,129). Rates, co-occurrences, and correlates of social isolation and loneliness are presented prior to and during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic and the inter-relationships between these experiences are elucidated in both periods. Results Across the four studies, pre-pandemic proportions reporting social isolation ranged from 15 to 54%, with higher rates in older ages (e.g., 32% of 70-79 and 54% of those over 80). During the pandemic, the percentage of older people reporting both social isolation and loneliness and isolation only slightly increased. The inter-relationship between social isolation and loneliness did not change. Associations between socio-demographic and health characteristics and social isolation and loneliness also remained consistent, with greater burden among those with higher economic precarity (females, non-homeowners, unemployed, illness and greater financial stress). Discussion and Implications There were already large inequalities in experiences of social isolation and loneliness and the pandemic had a small impact on worsening extent and inequalities in these. The concepts of loneliness and social isolation are not interchangeable, and clarity is needed in how they are conceptualised, operationalised, and interpreted. Given many older adults experience high levels of social isolation, there should be greater emphasis on reducing social isolation and the inequalities observed in who experiences greater isolation and loneliness.

Hobby engagement and mental wellbeing among people aged 65 years and older in 16 countries

Abstract Growing aging populations pose a threat to global health because of the social and psychological challenges they experience. To mitigate this, many countries promote hobby engagement to support and improve mental health. Yet, it remains unclear whether there is consistency in benefits across different national settings. We harmonized measures of hobby engagement and multiple aspects of mental wellbeing across 16 nations represented in five longitudinal studies ( N  = 93,263). Prevalence of hobby engagement varied substantially across countries, from 51.0% of Spanish respondents to 96.0% of Danish respondents. Fixed effects models and multinational meta-analyses were applied to compare the longitudinal associations between hobbies and mental wellbeing. Independent of confounders, having a hobby was associated with fewer depressive symptoms (pooled coefficient = −0.10; 95% confidence intervals (CI) = −0.13, −0.07), and higher levels of self-reported health (pooled coefficient = 0.06; 95% CI = 0.03, 0.08), happiness (pooled coefficient = 0.09; 95% CI = 0.06, 0.13) and life satisfaction (pooled coefficient = 0.10; 95% CI = 0.08, 0.12). Further analyses suggested a temporal relationship. The strength of these associations, and prevalence of hobby engagement, were correlated with macrolevel factors such as life expectancy and national happiness levels but overall, little variance in findings was explained by country-level factors (<9%). Given the relative universality of findings, ensuring equality in hobby engagement within and between countries should be a priority for promoting healthy aging.

Living alone and mental health: parallel analyses in UK longitudinal population surveys and electronic health records prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic

Background People who live alone experience greater levels of mental illness; however, it is unclear whether the COVID-19 pandemic had a disproportionately negative impact on this demographic. Objective To describe the mental health gap between those who live alone and with others in the UK prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Self-reported psychological distress and life satisfaction in 10 prospective longitudinal population surveys (LPSs) assessed in the nearest pre-pandemic sweep and three periods during the pandemic. Recorded diagnosis of common and severe mental illnesses between March 2018 and January 2022 in electronic healthcare records (EHRs) within the OpenSAFELY-TPP. Findings In 37 544 LPS participants, pooled models showed greater psychological distress (standardised mean difference (SMD): 0.09 (95% CI: 0.04; 0.14); relative risk: 1.25 (95% CI: 1.12; 1.39)) and lower life satisfaction (SMD: −0.22 (95% CI: −0.30; −0.15)) for those living alone pre-pandemic. This gap did not change during the pandemic. In the EHR analysis of c.16 million records, mental health conditions were more common in those who lived alone (eg, depression 26 (95% CI: 18 to 33) and severe mental illness 58 (95% CI: 54 to 62) more cases more per 100 000). For common mental health disorders, the gap in recorded cases in EHRs narrowed during the pandemic. Conclusions People living alone have poorer mental health and lower life satisfaction. During the pandemic, this gap in self-reported distress remained; however, there was a narrowing of the gap in service use. Clinical implications Greater mental health need and potentially greater barriers to mental healthcare access for those who live alone need to be considered in healthcare planning.

Associations between SARS-CoV-2 infection and subsequent economic inactivity and employment status: pooled analyses of five linked longitudinal surveys.

Following the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, record numbers of people became economically inactive (i.e., neither working nor looking for work), or non-employed (including unemployed job seekers and economically inactive people). A possible explanation is people leaving the workforce after contracting COVID-19. We investigated whether testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 is related to subsequent economic inactivity and non-employment, among people employed pre-pandemic.

Debt, Credit Payment Holidays, and their Relationship with Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United Kingdom

Although the relationship between debt and mental health is well documented, little is known about how changes in debt status and the specific policies implemented to assist borrowers during the COVID-19 pandemic have impacted the mental health of men and women. Particular attention is paid to the implementation of a non-neoliberal “credit payment holiday” scheme during the pandemic in the United Kingdom. Data come from three waves of the Understanding Society COVID-19 surveys. We use panel data models to assess the relationship between change in the presence of unsecured debt, credit payment holiday, and psychological distress (12-item General Health Questionnaire [GHQ-12] Likert score), controlling for confounders. The presence of debt is associated with significantly higher psychological distress, and the pattern is particularly pronounced for women than for men. Among the indebted population, the results show that credit payment holiday can significantly buffer the negative mental health effect of debt. While the buffering effect is larger for women, it is not significantly different across genders. The relationship between debt and mental health remains significant throughout the pandemic, but the credit payment holiday scheme has played a significant role in attenuating it and could be implemented as a policy tool outside the pandemic context.

Home working and social and mental wellbeing at different stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK: Evidence from 7 longitudinal population surveys

Background Home working has increased since the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic's onset with concerns that it may have adverse health implications. We assessed the association between home working and social and mental wellbeing among the employed population aged 16 to 66 through harmonised analyses of 7 UK longitudinal studies. Methods and findings We estimated associations between home working and measures of psychological distress, low life satisfaction, poor self-rated health, low social contact, and loneliness across 3 different stages of the pandemic (T1 = April to June 2020 -first lockdown, T2 = July to October 2020 -eased restrictions, T3 = November 2020 to March 2021 -second lockdown) using modified Poisson regression and meta-analyses to pool results across studies. We successively adjusted the model for sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., age, sex), job characteristics (e.g., sector of activity, pre-pandemic home working propensities), and pre-pandemic health. Among respectively 10,367, 11,585, and 12,179 participants at T1, T2, and T3, we found higher rates of home working at T1 and T3 compared with T2, reflecting lockdown periods. Home working was not associated with psychological distress at T1 (RR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.79 to 1.08) or T2 (RR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.88 to 1.11), but a detrimental association was found with psychological distress at T3 (RR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.30). Study limitations include the fact that pre-pandemic home working propensities were derived from external sources, no information was collected on home working dosage and possible reverse association between change in wellbeing and home working likelihood. Conclusions No clear evidence of an association between home working and mental wellbeing was found, apart from greater risk of psychological distress during the second lockdown, but differences across subgroups (e.g., by sex or level of education) may exist. Longer term shifts to home working might not have adverse impacts on population wellbeing in the absence of pandemic restrictions but further monitoring of health inequalities is required.

2022

The UK Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme and smoking, alcohol consumption and vaping during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from eight longitudinal population surveys

Abstract Background Employment disruptions can impact smoking and alcohol consumption. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries implemented furlough schemes to prevent job loss. We examine how furlough was associated with smoking, vaping and alcohol consumption in the UK. Methods Data from 27,841 participants in eight UK adult longitudinal surveys were analysed. Participants self-reported employment status and current smoking, current vaping and alcohol consumption (>4 days/week or 5+ drinks per typical occasion) both before and during the early stages of the pandemic (April-July 2020). Risk ratios were estimated within each study using modified Poisson regression, adjusting for a range of potential confounders, including pre-pandemic behaviour. Findings were synthesised using random effects meta-analysis. Results Compared to stable employment and after adjustment for pre-pandemic characteristics, furlough was not associated with smoking (ARR = 1.05; 95% CI: 0.95-1.16; I 2 : 10%), vaping (ARR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.74-1.08; I 2 : 0%) or drinking (ARR = 1.03; 95% CI: 0.94-1.13; I 2 : 48%). There were similar findings for no longer being employed, and stable unemployment, though this varied by sex: stable unemployment was associated with smoking for women (ARR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.00-1.82; I 2 : 47%) but not men (0.84; 95% CI: 0.67-1.05; I 2 : 0%). No longer being employed was associated with vaping among women (ARR = 2.74; 95% CI: 1.59-4.72; I 2 : 0%) but not men (ARR = 1.25; 95% CI: 0.83-1.87; I 2 : 0%). Conclusions We found no clear evidence of furlough or unemployment having adverse impacts on smoking, vaping or drinking behaviours during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK. Differences in risk compared to those who remained employed were largely explained by pre-pandemic characteristics.

Mental and social wellbeing and the UK coronavirus job retention scheme: Evidence from nine longitudinal studies

Association between home working and mental health by key worker status during the Covid-19 pandemic. Evidence from four British longitudinal studies

A shift in women's health? Older workers' self-reported health and employment settings during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract Background The first wave of COVID-19 has had a massive impact on work arrangements settings in many European countries with potential effects on health that are likely to vary across gender. Methods Focusing on the workforce aged 50 and over in 27 European countries using data from SHARE wave 8 (N = 11,221), the study applies a generalized logit mixed-effects model to assess the relationship between negative and positive change in self-reported health since the start of the pandemic and change in employment settings using an interaction effect between gender and employment arrangements to distinguish their specific association by gender after controlling for socio-economic covariates and multicollinearity. Results Female respondents have higher probabilities to declare a positive health when working fully or partially from home or when temporarily and permanently unemployed. However, introducing the main effect of gender exacerbates discrepancies and such benefits fade away. Differences across countries do not significantly change the estimates. Conclusion The benefits of work arrangements to improve women's health during the first wave of COVID-19 have not compensated the negative effect of gender discrepancies exacerbated by the pandemic to the extent that employment arrangements have no role, or just a negative impact, in modulating them.

2020

The Multidimensional Effects of Labor Unions on Workers' Health

The Impact of Transitioning to Non-Standard Employment on Older Workers' Self-Reported and Mental Health in Japan. A Longitudinal Perspective Using the Japanese Study of Aging and Retirement

Japan has one of the highest longevity rates and the second highest average effective age of retirement within the OECD. To face declining birth-rates and growing labour shortage, the Japanese government made the choice to postpone retirement ages. However, an important part of the ageing workforce is in non-standard employment such as part-time, temporary or contract work. The potential health impact of such transitions has not been analysed so far. Using four waves from the Japanese Study of Aging and Retirement (JSTAR), this article assesses, using a latent growth curve method, the impact of moving to non-standard employment in late career on general and mental health for the population aged 50 to 75 after controlling for fixed and time-varying covariates. Analyses are replicated separately by gender. Mixed results flow from the study. Those keeping being in non-standard employment have a better health than those working in full-time employment. However, moving from full-time employment to non-standard employment has negative effects on mental health, particularly for women.

The cross-border portability of social security benefits: Status and progress?

The Role of Labour Unions in Explaining Workers' Mental and Physical Health in Great Britain. A longitudinal approach.

Objectives: To assess whether there are mental and physical health benefits of being employed in a workplace where there is a union or staff association recognized by the management or being a member of such a union. Methods: Using four waves [W2 (2010-11), W4 (2012-13), W6 (2014-15), W8 (2016-18)] from Understanding Society (UKHLS), we use a propensity score matching method and apply a latent growth modeling on the original dataset and on the matched dataset to estimate the impact of change in union presence and union membership between wave 2 and wave 4 for the employed population on the change in mental health (Mental Component Summary - MCS) and physical health (Physical Component Summary - PCS), after controlling for socioeconomic characteristics, age and sector of activity. Results: Collective negotiation within the workplace plays a statistically significant role in supporting workers' mental and, to a greater degree, physical health. Being unionized does not add up significant physical health benefits but a slight positive effect on mental health is observed. Conclusion: About 50 per cent of the employed population is not represented by a labour union at company level and this has negative effects on health. A major health policy issue is also about promoting collective negotiation at the workplace and more research is needed about the impact of implementing such type of negotiation. The study shows the benefits of using a longitudinal approach when analysing the impact of union presence and union membership on workers' health.

Assessing the impact of partial early retirement on self-perceived health, depression level and quality of life in Belgium

For about 20 years, Belgium has successfully implemented working-time reduction policies for the older workforce. However, the impact of such policies on health has not been explored yet. Using longitudinal data from Waves 5 and 6 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) (N = 1,498), the paper assesses whether working-time reduction in late career is associated with a change in self-perceived health, depression (EURO-D) and quality of life (CASP-12). For that purpose, ordered logit and ordinary least squares regressions are performed, using four different models for defining working-time reductions. Results show that people reducing working time with or without additional social benefits tend to have a poorer self-perceived health at follow-up compared with people keeping the same or increasing working time. By comparison, people moving to retirement are more likely to present a better self-perceived health, depression level and quality of life compared to people increasing or keeping the same working-time level. Although, introducing an interaction effect, the paper shows that the change in quality of life for respondents reducing working hours in addition to social benefits tends to be less negative for those who wished to retire early at baseline than for those who did not.

2019

Is the ‘Lump of Labour' a Self-Evident Fallacy?

The association between self-reported health, late career transitions and working time modulations in England

Purpose There is an emerging literature focusing on the impact of late career transitions on health, but little is known so far about the role working time modulations might play in explaining older workers' health. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach Using the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) Waves 4-7, the paper assesses the association between the different types of change in working time, the total weekly working hours at baseline and the level of income and the change in Self-perceived health (SPH). The model controls for financial wealth, qualification, gender, age, the sector of activity and self-reported health at baseline. Findings Respondents who retire have a better SPH compared with those who keep working at constant working time. Those who work long hours benefit more from retiring. Respondents working long hours before being unemployed tend to be less affected by a negative change in SPH. Those who reduce working time by 50 per cent or more and work long hours at baseline have lower probabilities to be affected by a negative change in SPH compared with those who work fewer hours. Finally, low-paid workers are those who benefit the most from retiring or reducing working time. Social implications Results point out the need to foster working time arrangements for low-paid workers to prevent adverse health impacts. Originality/value There is a significant association between change in working time and change in self-reported health that has not been examined by previous studies.

The association between self-reported health, late career transitions and working time modulation in England.

2018

The Portability of Social Rights of Great Britain with the European Union: Facts, issues, and prospects.

Assessing the Association between Late Career Working Time Reduction and Retirement Plans. A Cross-National Comparison Using the 2012 Labour Force Survey ad hoc Module

Are there health benefits of being unionized in late career? A longitudinal approach using HRS

ObjectiveTo assess whether unionization prevents deterioration in self‐reported health and depressive symptoms in late career transitions.MethodsData come from the Health and Retirement Study (N = 6475). The change in self‐perceived health (SPH) and depressive symptoms (CESD) between wave 11 and wave 12 is explained using an interaction effect between change in professional status from wave 10 to wave 11 and unionization in wave 10.ResultsThe odds of being affected by a negative change in CESD when unionized are lower for unionized workers remaining in full‐time job (OR:0.73, CI95%:0.58;0.89), unionized full‐time workers moving to part‐time work (OR:0.66, CI95%:0.46;0.93) and unionized full‐time workers moving to part‐retirement (OR:0.40, CI95%:0.34;0.47) compared to non‐unionized workers. The same conclusion is made for the change in SPH but with odds ratios closer to 1.ConclusionThe reasons for the associations found in this paper need to be explored in further research.

2017

How nurses and midwives feel about revalidation: preliminary survey results.

The introduction in 2016 of the Nursing and Midwifery Council revalidation process, which involves several standardised steps, has represented a major change for UK nurses and midwives, and is now a compulsory requirement of reregistration. This article presents preliminary results of a survey about revalidation, undertaken in June 2016 at Oxleas NHS Foundation Trust, Dartford, focusing on how nurses and midwives feel about the process. The article considers the effect of different variables, including pay band, seniority and directorate, on nurses' and midwives' perceptions of revalidation, and suggests it is regarded more positively by senior, more experienced staff than by those who are less experienced.

2016

The Statistical Analysis of End of Working Life

The paper focuses on the Average Effective Age of Retirement (AEAR) indicator allowing policy makers and scientists to evaluate potential gaps between the age of the end of the working life and the pension age in European countries. Used at the European level after the Barcelona European Council of March 2002, this indicator provided by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development raises a number of problems that are reviewed in this article. First, we show that employment rates of older workers dropped continuously in all European countries since 1970. From the mid-1990s and much more in the last 10 years, following European targets designed to increase older workers employment rates, the AEAR increases. Second, we analyse the formula of the AEAR as such. We show that the “employment rate” is the main component of its calculation. Using data from the European Social Surveys a new indicator based on individual data is provided. Last, using Labour Force Surveys, we develop at a macro-level a dynamic reading of labour market taking into account transitions into and outside employment. In addition, we focus particularly—at a micro-level—on individual factors via a multinomial logistic regression performed for Belgium, France and the Netherlands, particularly characterised by high rates of early retirement since the 1970s. We show that uses of exit arrangement vary depending on to gender, the level of education, and the professional and marital status.

2015

Belgique. Le crédit-temps en fin de carrière

Maroc, France, Belgique : la transportabilité des prestations de sécurité sociale en matière de retraite, de soins de santé et de minimas sociaux

Le crédit-temps en fin de carrière : la fin d'un succès ?

2014

Trois remarques sur les fins de carrières professionnelles en Europe

Le partage d'emploi entre générations

Cet article analyse l'impact des politiques de réduction du temps de travail en fin de carrière sur l'emploi des jeunes générations. Dans les années 1970, les sorties précoces de l'emploi des travailleurs âgés se sont développées dans le but de permettre l'entrée à l'emploi des plus jeunes et de réguler le marché du travail. Nous montrons, dans un premier temps, que les enjeux régulateurs et redistributifs de ces politiques se sont affrontés jusqu'aux années 1990. Dans un second temps, nous mettons l'accent sur le développement récent du temps partiel en fin de carrière par l'intermédiaire de statuts composites. Dans un troisième temps, nous montrons que le débat scientifique autour du partage d'emploi entre générations se réfère à la notion de « Lump of Labour Fallacy » qui met l'accent sur les effets régulateurs des politiques de sortie anticipée. Nous postulons que les effets régulateurs et redistributifs agissent simultanément. Enfin, nous analysons empiriquement, pour la Belgique, l'impact des statuts composites sur le partage d'emploi entre génération en fonction des secteurs d'activité.

Faire du nombre.

La politique des fins de carrière

Revenus du travail et emploi atypique, comparaison entre les analyses sociétales et individuelles

2013

La fin des prépensions

2012

L'outil partenarial dans l'insertion professionnelle

Les effets pervers d'une diminution progressive des allocations de chômage

2011

L'État fédéral en proie à l'État-service

Communications publiées lors de congrès ou colloques nationaux et internationaux

2014

Esquisse d'une approche par les réseaux

Rapports de recherche, comptes rendus, lettres à l'éditeur, working papers

2021

Are employment arrangements implemented during the first wave of COVID-19 associated with better health outcomes for women aged 55 and over?

Assessing the Effects of Border Enforcement Measures Since the Start of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Migrants Aiming to Enter Japan

Border enforcement measures implemented by Japan in April 2020 in response to the spread of COVID-19 have had an impact on migrants. Even though Japan has implemented measures to resume international travel in October 2020, these were paused in December 2020. As a consequence, many migrants who planned to come to Japan for work, study or personal reasons were unable to do so with no clear vision about what is going to happen in the coming months. Through a snap online survey made between the 2nd and the 3rd of March 2021 (N=425), data were collected to better investigate the health, financial and trust impacts of travel limitations. Results from the study show major effects of border enforcement measures on mental health (with important level of stress for migrants) and, to a lesser extent, on physical health, lack of trust for the communication of the Japanese government and the Japanese administrations and a major impact on the financial situation of migrants not able to enter Japan. On the flip side, the survey shows up that 9 migrants out of 10 did not give up on willing to enter Japan and that trust in Japanese embassies and employers (for those planning to work in Japan) is high. The study raises six major policy points to discuss and emphasises the need to pay attention to the conditions of migrants who are not able to move to Japan for their job, school or partner.

Work and Employment Arrangements during the First Wave of COVID-19 in Europe and their Relationship with the Self-Reported Change in Health of Workers aged 55 and over.

The first wave of COVID-19 has had a massive impact on the use of work and employment arrangements, but little is known about their specific impact on older workers' health. Using data from SHARE (waves 8) collected during summer 2020 (N=9,593), the study looks at the association between self-perceived change in health since the start of the pandemic and work and employment arrangements after controlling for covariates in 27 countries using mixed-effect models. Results indicate a positive effect of home working. In contrast, partial home working is associated with a negative impact on self-perceived health except when working time is reduced. Unemployment and partial unemployment have adverse effects on health but stop being significant after controlling for co-linearity. The study emphasises the need to promote home working together with working time reductions but also stresses the necessity to account for gender discrepancies outside of work and employment settings.

The Contribution of Labour Unions in Fostering Access to Flexible Work Arrangements in Britain

2019

Structural and Individual Barriers to Progressive Retirement. A European comparison using SHARE waves 5 & 6

Does retirement affect the mental and general health of the older Japanese workforce? A four waves follow-up using the Japanese Study of Ageing and Retirement (JSTAR-RIETI)

2018

Status and Progress in Cross-Border Portability of Social Security Benefits

The importance of cross-border portability of social benefits is increasing in parallel withthe rise in the absolute number of international migrants and their share of the worldpopulation, and perhaps more importantly, with the rising share of world population thatfor some part of their life is working and/or retiring abroad. This paper estimates how therising stock of migrants is distributed over four key portability regimes: those with portabilitythrough bilateral social security arrangements (regime I); those with potential exportabilityof eligible benefits from abroad (regime II); documented workers with no access to nationalschemes but no contribution payment either (regime III); and undocumented workers withno access to any scheme (regime IV). Estimates for 2000 and 2013 are compared. Theresults indicate a modest but noticeable increase in the share of migrants under regime I,from 21.9 percent in 2000 to 23.3 percent in 2013. The biggest change occurred underregime III, which almost doubled to 9.4 percent. Regime II reduced by 3.0 percentagepoints but remains the dominant scheme (at 53.2 percent). The estimates suggest that thescope of regime IV (informality) reduced by 2.9 percentage points, accounting for 14.0 ofall migrants in 2013. This trend is positive, but more will need to be done to progress onbenefit portability.

2016

Assessing Benefit Portability for Migrant Workers: Lessons Learned from a Review of the Morocco-Belgium Bilateral Social Security Agreement

Sans date

Assessing Benefit Portability for International Migrant Workers

Participations à des congrès et colloques internationaux

2021

Beyond the relationship between employment and health - should social epidemiology care about democracy at work

Reasons for Retirement and Post-Retirement Self-Reported Health in Japan. A non-longitudinal approach

Addressing the impact of border enforcement measures on the self-reported health of migrants aiming to enter Japan during the COVID-19 epidemic

A Gradient of Voluntariness. Reasons for Retirement and Post-Retirement Self-Reported Health in Japan

Absence and Invisibility: A Survey assessing the Health of Stranded Migrants aiming to Enter Japan during the COVID-19 epidemic

2020

Two examples of association between employment conditions and health

2019

The association between self-reported health, late career transitions and working time modulation in England

Quantifying Intersectionality : Using interaction effects to assess the impact of gender, material deprivation and ethnicity on mental, physical and general health in the Great Britain

Status and Progress in Cross-Border Portability of Social Security Benefits

uantifying Intersectionality : Using interaction effects to assess the impact of gender, material deprivation and ethnicity on mental, physical and general health in Great Britain

What is the impact of late career transitions on workers' health in Japan?: A longitudinal perspective using JSTAR-RIETI

Assessing the health impact of late career transitions in Japan and in the United Kingdom. Methodological issues and policy implications

2018

Articulating processual sociology and sociology of employment. An empirical perspective looking at the transition from work to retirement in England

Unionization, self-reported health and depressive symptoms among the older workforce. A longitudinal approach using HRS.

Is the “Lump of Labour' a Self-evident Fallacy?'

The portability of social rights for migrant workers. Issues raised by portability between Great Britain and the European Economic Area

Introduction: Health, transitions and the life course

What leads nurses to keep working after the retirement age? Results from a survey in South-East London

2017

Does partial early retirement improve the health of the Belgian workforce? A policy-oriented longitudinal perspective

Les 360 derniers jours de l'actualité retraite: Point de vue sociétal

Are older and young workers substitutes? A time-series analysis based on the British LFS.

Aging in place: living arrangement transitions in the United States, England and Europe

2016

Job sharing in the United Kingdom

2015

International Portability of Social Benefits

Les 360 derniers jours de l'actualité retraite

Transitions to Retirement in EU15 Countries based on Income Statuses

The Social Construction of a Gap

2014

La médiation au cœur des dispositifs de l'Etat social.

Les 360 derniers jours de l'actualité retraite

Place aux jeunes!

Le partage de l'emploi entre générations

“Entre déstandardisation et désinstitutionalisation des parcours de vie.

Quantifier les fins de carrières professionnelles

2013

Western Corridor Presentations & Qualitative Evaluation

Où en sont les modèles "transitionnels" de départ en retraite en Europe?

La Suisse et les régimes d'Etat-providence

Atypical employment and incomes in Europe

Quels marchés du travail pour les fins de carrières ?

2012

Générations au travail et travail des générations

From withdrawal to retirement. Transitions of the older workers on the labour market, comparison between Belgian and French cases.

Esquisse d'une approche par les réseaux

Retraites et retraits.

La sécurisation des parcours professionnels

Le temps partiel en Europe et en Belgique

2011

Place aux jeunes!

Enjeux centraux, enjeux locaux.

Thèses et mémoires

2016

La dynamique des fins de carrières professionnelles

La réduction de l'usage des dispositifs de sortie anticipée et l'augmentation de la durée de vie à l'emploi se sont imposées comme de réels objectifs. Plusieurs réformes - implémentés, notamment, de façon non coercitive au niveau Européen - sont venues quantifier de tels objectifs. L'augmentation du taux d'emploi des travailleurs âgés de plus de 55 ans et l'augmentation de l'âge effectif moyen de la retraite sont tant d'outils quantitatifs qui servent une même finalité : l'augmentation de la participation au marché du travail des travailleurs âgés. L'une des résultantes de ces réformes est le développement, notamment en Belgique, de mécanismes de sortie partielle de l'activitié. En conséquence, les fins d'activité professionnelles prennent désormais des formes plus complexes, faites d'imbrications de différents statuts dans et en dehors du marché du travail. La thèse - qui croise une analyse des évolutions sociales de l'emploi des travailleurs âgés et une analyse longitudinale des parcours professionnels - est divisée en trois chapitres qui ont trait successivement aux indicateurs utilisés pour quantifier la sortie anticipée de l'emploi, au développement des instruments de réduction du temps de travail en fin de carrière et à l'impact des réductions du temps de travail en fin de carrière sur l'emploi des jeunes. Le premier chapitre prend appui sur une analyse macrosociologique des dynamiques du marché du travail. En mettant l'accent sur la sortie anticipée de l'activité professionnelle en tant que problème social, nous interrogeons, d'une part, l'écart temporel qui existe entre l'âge de la sortie de l'activité professionnelle et l'âge de la retraite et, d'autre part, les différents mécanismes qui sont utilisés en Europe pour sortir prématurément du marché du travail. La première partie repose principalement sur une analyse détaillée de l'indicateur « âge effectif moyen de la retraite » fourni par l'OCDE. Une analyse longitudinale (report de statut d'une année à l'autre) est également réalisée. La seconde partie, quant à elle, utilise une classification hiérarchique et évalue l'évolution des résultats des politiques publiques en matière d'usage de statuts entre 2000 et 2010. Le second chapitre analyse les politiques de réduction du temps de travail destinées aux travailleurs âgés. Plusieurs aspects sont étudiés. La première partie prolonge l'analyse comparative qui a été développée dans le premier chapitre en comparant l'évolution des politiques publiques en matière de transitions des individus d'un statut vers un autre (emploi, chômage et inactivité). La seconde partie met l'accent sur le développement récent de « statuts composites » - terme que nous utilisons ici pour décrire la combinaison d'une position sur le marché de l'emploi et de prestations sociales. Enfin, les troisième et quatrième parties s'intéressent à l'évolution législative et empirique de deux dispositifs : le crédit-temps (en Belgique) et le cumul emploi-retraite (en France et en Belgique). Enfin, le troisième chapitre propose une analyse de la notion de partage d'emploi entre générations. Une première partie étudie l'impact des variations économiques sur l'emploi des jeunes générations et des travailleurs âgés dans les pays européens. L'analyse, descriptive, prend appui sur trois notions (synchronie, hystérèse et dyschronie) qui décrivent les impacts différenciés des variations économiques sur les transitions professionnelles. La seconde partie analyse, pour le cas de la Belgique, le phénomène de partage d'emploi entre générations et la notion de « lump of labour fallacy ». Sur base des données issues du Datawarehouse Marché du Travail et Protection Sociale, deux régressions logistiques sont réalisées afin d'évaluer l'impact de l'usage des différents statuts composites utilisés par les travailleurs âgés sur l'emploi des jeunes.

2011

L'orientation des chômeurs dans un contexte de proximité

Activités de vulgarisation

2016

Déchéance de la nationalité, l'exemple belge

2015

À qui bénéficie la mise à l'emploi des prépensionnés ?

Fascisme d'Etat et tentation sécuritaire.

Cessons d'incriminer la société et laissons à l'individu sa part de responsabilité

http://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2015/01/22/cessons-d-incriminer-la-societe-et-laissons-a-l-individu-sa-part-de-responsabilite_4561876_3232.html

2014

La Belgique manque le coche d'une réforme sérieuse des pensions

Un pécule de vacances et autres particularités du système de retraite en Belgique En savoir plus sur http://votreargent.lexpress.fr/retraite/un-pecule-de-vacances-et-autres-particularites-du-systeme-de-retraite-en-belgique_1632703.html#pDT6ahbItAufPddW.99

Et la recherche... bordel?

http://www.lalibre.be/debats/opinions/et-la-recherche-bordel-540497ad357030e6103ccd78#45d62

Peu de retraités rentrent vivre au bled

Le taux d'emploi

Ancienneté

Défendons un enseignement critique

Période d'essai

http://www.references.be/carriere/periode-dessai-deja-aux-oubliettes

2013

Travail à temps partiel

http://www.references.be/carriere/travail-a-temps-partiel-le-bon-calcul

Le taux d'emploi des travailleurs âgés

Divers

2012

Que sont les « marchés transitionnels du travail (MTT) » et la « sécurisation des trajectoires professionnelles » ?